Biodegradable plastics VS recycled plastics

Biodegradable plastics VS recycled plastics
Yas yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no. Raws li kev txheeb cais los ntawm Peb Lub Ntiaj Teb hauv Cov Ntaub Ntawv, txij xyoo 1950 txog 2015, tib neeg tau tsim tag nrho 5.8 billion tons ntawm cov yas pov tseg, uas ntau dua 98% tau muab pov tseg, tso tseg lossis hlawv. Tsuas yog ob peb txog 2% rov ua dua.

Raws li kev txheeb cais los ntawm Science magazine, vim nws lub luag haujlwm ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb ua lub hauv paus tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb, Tuam Tshoj yog thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb ntawm cov khoom pov tseg yas, suav txog 28%. Cov khib nyiab pov tseg no tsis yog tsuas yog ua phem rau ib puag ncig thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv xwb, tab sis kuj tseem tuav cov peev txheej hauv av. Yog li ntawd, peb lub teb chaws tau pib muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm cov pa phem dawb.

Nyob rau hauv 150 xyoo tom qab tsim cov yas, peb cov khib nyiab loj loj tau tsim nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv Pacific vim yog kev ua ntawm dej hiav txwv tam sim no.

Tsuas yog 1.2% ntawm lub ntiaj teb 65-xyoo cov khoom siv yas tau rov ua dua, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov seem yog faus rau hauv tib neeg ko taw, tos 600 xyoo kom degrade.

Raws li IHS cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas, daim ntawv thov yas thoob ntiaj teb hauv xyoo 2018 yog feem ntau hauv kev ntim khoom, suav txog 40% ntawm kev ua lag luam. Cov pa phem thoob ntiaj teb kuj tseem yog los ntawm kev ntim khoom, suav txog 59%. Kev ntim cov yas tsis yog tsuas yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa phem dawb xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev pov tseg (yog tias siv dua tshiab, cov voj voog muaj ntau), tsis yooj yim rau rov ua dua (txoj kev siv thiab kev tso tseg yog tawg), kev ua haujlwm tsawg thiab siab impurity cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau.

Biodegradable plastics thiab recycled plastics yog ob txoj hauv kev los daws qhov teeb meem dawb paug.
Biodegradable yas

Biodegradable plastics xa mus rau cov yas uas nws cov khoom tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev siv, nyob twj ywm tsis hloov thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia, thiab tuaj yeem degrade rau hauv ib puag ncig yam tsis muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj tom qab siv.

0 1 Cov txheej txheem degradation ntawm cov yas degradable

0 2 Kev faib tawm ntawm cov yas degradable

Biodegradable plastics tuaj yeem raug cais los ntawm cov txheej txheem degradation sib txawv lossis cov khoom siv raw.

Raws li kev faib cov txheej txheem degradation, cov yas degradable tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg: biodegradable plastics, photodegradable plastics, photo thiab biodegradable plastics, thiab dej-degradable plastics.

Tam sim no, thev naus laus zis ntawm photodegradable plastics thiab yees duab- thiab biodegradable plastics tseem tsis tau paub tab, thiab muaj ob peb cov khoom lag luam. Yog li ntawd, cov plastics degradable hais hauv qab no yog txhua yam biodegradable plastics thiab dej-degradable plastics.

Raws li kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom siv raw, cov yas degradable tuaj yeem muab faib ua bio-based degradable plastics thiab roj av-raws li degradable plastics.
Biodegradable plastics yog cov yas tsim los ntawm biomass, uas tuaj yeem txo cov kev siv hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj xws li roj av. Lawv feem ntau suav nrog PLA (polylactic acid), PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoate), PGA (polyglutamic acid), thiab lwm yam.

Petroleum-raws li degradable plastics yog cov yas tsim nrog cov pob txha siv zog ua cov khoom siv raw, feem ntau suav nrog PBS (polybutylene succinate), PBAT (polybutylene adipate / terephthalate), PCL (polycaprolactone) ester) thiab lwm yam.

0 3 Qhov zoo ntawm cov yas degradable

Biodegradable plastics muaj lawv qhov zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm, kev ua tau zoo, degradability, thiab kev nyab xeeb.

Hais txog kev ua tau zoo, cov yas degradable tuaj yeem ncav cuag lossis tshaj qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov yas yas hauv qee qhov tshwj xeeb;

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm practicality, degradable plastics muaj zoo xws li daim ntawv thov kev ua tau zoo thiab huv si kev ua tau zoo rau zoo xws li cov tsoos plastics;

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm degradability, degradable plastics yuav degraded sai sai nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso ib puag ncig (cov kab mob tshwj xeeb, qhov kub thiab txias, av noo) tom qab siv, thiab ua tawg tawg los yog tsis muaj tshuaj lom cov pa uas yooj yim siv los ntawm ib puag ncig, txo qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig;

Hais txog kev nyab xeeb, cov khoom uas tsim los yog seem thaum lub sij hawm degradation txheej txheem ntawm degradable plastics tsis muaj teeb meem rau ib puag ncig thiab yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ciaj sia ntawm tib neeg thiab lwm yam kab mob.

Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws rau kev hloov cov khoom siv niaj hnub tam sim no yog tias cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm cov yas degradable yog siab dua li cov khoom siv zoo sib xws lossis cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov xws li ntim thiab ua liaj ua teb zaj duab xis uas yog luv luv, tsis yooj yim rau recycle thiab cais, muaj kev ua haujlwm tsawg, thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus impurity siab, degradable plastics muaj ntau qhov zoo dua li lwm txoj hauv kev.

cov yas rov ua dua tshiab
Recycled plastics hais txog cov khoom siv yas uas tau txais los ntawm kev ua cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm kev siv lub cev los yog tshuaj xws li pretreatment, yaj granulation, thiab kev hloov kho.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab yog tias lawv pheej yig dua li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab cov yas degradable. Raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev ua tau zoo sib txawv, tsuas yog qee yam khoom ntawm cov yas tuaj yeem ua tiav thiab cov khoom sib xws tuaj yeem tsim tau.

Thaum cov voj voog tsis ntau dhau, cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab tuaj yeem tswj cov khoom zoo sib xws rau cov khoom siv niaj hnub, lossis lawv tuaj yeem tswj cov khoom ruaj khov los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab nrog cov khoom tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntau lub voj voog, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab poob qis heev los yog siv tsis tau.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab kom muaj kev tu cev zoo thaum ua kom muaj kev lag luam. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab yog qhov tsim nyog rau thaj chaw uas muaj pes tsawg lub voj voog me me thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom huv si tsis siab.

0 1

Recycled yas txheej txheem

0 2 Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv yas tom qab rov ua dua
Lus Cim: Melt Performance index, fluidity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yas thaum ua; tshwj xeeb viscosity, static viscosity ntawm cov kua ib chav tsev ntim

Muab piv
Biodegradable yas
VS cov yas rov siv dua

1 Los ntawm kev sib piv, cov yas degradable, vim tias lawv cov kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov dua thiab cov nqi rov qab qis dua, muaj lwm txoj hauv kev zoo hauv cov ntawv thov xws li ntim thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab ua liaj ua teb uas muaj lub neej luv luv thiab nyuaj rau rov ua dua thiab sib cais; thaum cov yas rov siv dua tau qis dua cov nqi siv dua. Tus nqi thiab cov nqi tsim khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua hauv cov ntawv thov xws li cov khoom siv niaj hnub, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas siv sij hawm ntev thiab yooj yim rau kev txheeb xyuas thiab rov ua dua tshiab. Ob leeg complement ib leeg.

2

Cov pa phem dawb feem ntau yog los ntawm kev ntim khoom, thiab cov yas degradable muaj ntau chav ua si. Nrog rau txoj cai nce qib thiab txo tus nqi, lub lag luam yav tom ntej degradable plastics muaj kev cia siab dav.

Hauv kev ntim khoom, kev hloov cov yas degradable tau raug pom. Daim ntawv thov teb ntawm plastics yog dav heev, thiab cov teb sib txawv muaj cov kev cai sib txawv rau cov yas.
Cov kev xav tau ntawm cov yas hauv tsheb, cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab lwm yam kev lag luam yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab yooj yim rau kev sib cais, thiab cov nyiaj ntawm cov yas ib leeg yog loj, yog li cov xwm txheej ntawm cov tsoos plastics yog qhov ruaj khov. Hauv kev ntim khoom xws li hnab yas, lub thawv noj su, mulch films, thiab kev xa khoom xa tuaj, vim yog cov khoom siv yas monomers tsawg, lawv muaj kev sib kis thiab nyuaj rau kev sib cais zoo. Qhov no ua rau cov plastics degradable ntau dua los ua ib qho kev hloov pauv rau cov khoom yas hauv cov teb no. Qhov no kuj tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev thov qauv rau cov yas degradable hauv 2019. Qhov kev thov rau cov yas degradable yog feem ntau yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub ntim, nrog saj zawg zog ntim thiab nruj ntim accounting rau 53% nyob rau hauv tag nrho.

Biodegradable plastics nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe thiab North America tau tsim ua ntej thiab tau pib ua kom zoo. Lawv thaj chaw thov yog tsom rau hauv kev lag luam ntim khoom. Hauv xyoo 2017, cov hnab yuav khoom thiab cov hnab ntim khoom lag luam suav nrog feem ntau tshaj plaws (29%) ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv degradable plastics hauv Western Europe; Hauv xyoo 2017, cov khoom ntim khoom noj, cov thawv noj su thiab cov tais diav suav nrog qhov loj tshaj plaws (53%) ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv degradable plastics hauv North America. )

Cov ntsiab lus: Biodegradable plastics yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo dua rau cov pa phem dawb dua li cov yas rov ua dua tshiab.

59% ntawm cov pa phem dawb yog los ntawm kev ntim khoom thiab cov khoom siv ua liaj ua teb yas. Txawm li cas los xij, plastics rau hom kev siv no yog pov tseg thiab nyuaj rau rov ua dua tshiab, ua rau lawv tsis tsim nyog rau kev rov ua dua tshiab. Tsuas yog cov yas degradable tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov pa phem dawb.

Rau cov teb siv tau ntawm cov yas degradable, kev ua tau zoo tsis yog lub fwj, thiab tus nqi yog qhov tseem ceeb txwv kev lag luam hloov cov khoom siv los ntawm cov yas degradable.