Tam sim no, lub ntiaj teb tau tsim kev pom zoo rau kev tsim kho ntsuab ntawm cov yas. Ze li ntawm 90 lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam tau qhia txog cov cai lossis cov cai tswjfwm los tswj lossis txwv tsis pub cov khoom siv yas pov tseg. Ib nthwv dej tshiab ntawm kev loj hlob ntsuab ntawm cov yas tau teeb tawm thoob ntiaj teb. Hauv peb lub teb chaws, ntsuab, qis-carbon, thiab kev lag luam ncig kuj tau dhau los ua txoj kab tseem ceeb ntawm txoj cai kev lag luam thaum lub sijhawm "14th Tsib Xyoo Plan".
Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias txawm hais tias cov yas degradable yuav txhim kho mus rau qee qhov raws li kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov cai, tus nqi siab, yuav muaj peev xwm ntau lawm yav tom ntej, thiab kev txhawb nqa rau kev txo qis emission yuav tsis pom tseeb. Cov yas rov ua dua tshiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm ntsuab, qis-carbon thiab kev lag luam ncig. Nrog rau kev nce nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab txo cov nqi se ntawm cov ciam teb carbon, qhov yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Ob lub cev rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov ua dua tshiab yuav muaj ntau dua kaum lab tons. Tshwj xeeb, kev siv tshuaj lom neeg rov ua dua tshiab yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov yas yas ntsuab. Xyoo 2030, kuv lub teb chaws cov yas rov ua dua tshiab yuav nce mus rau 45% mus rau 50%. Qhov yooj yim-rau-recycle tsim lub hom phiaj kom ua rau kom tus nqi rov ua dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg. Kev tsim kho tshiab tuaj yeem tsim ntau lab tons ntawm metallocene yas kev lag luam xav tau.
Kev txhim kho cov yas rov ua dua tshiab yog qhov tseem ceeb thoob ntiaj teb
Kev daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov pa phem dawb los ntawm cov yas pov tseg yog thawj lub hom phiaj ntawm ntau lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb los qhia cov cai cuam tshuam txog kev tswj hwm yas. Tam sim no, cov lus teb thoob ntiaj teb rau cov teeb meem ntawm cov yas pov tseg yog feem ntau yog txwv lossis txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom yas uas nyuaj rau rov ua dua tshiab, txhawb nqa cov yas rov ua dua tshiab, thiab siv cov khoom siv yas degradable. Ntawm lawv, ntxiv dag zog rau cov yas rov ua dua tshiab yog lub ntsiab lus thoob ntiaj teb.
Ua kom muaj kev faib ua feem ntawm cov yas rov ua dua tshiab yog thawj qhov kev xaiv rau cov teb chaws tsim. Cov European Union tau tshaj tawm "cov se ntim cov hnab yas" rau cov yas uas tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab hauv nws cov tswvcuab cov tswvcuab txij thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 2021, thiab tseem txwv 10 hom khoom yas pov tseg xws li nthuav dav polystyrene los ntawm kev nkag mus rau European lag luam. Kev ntim se quab yuam cov tuam txhab lag luam khoom lag luam kom siv cov yas rov ua dua tshiab. Los ntawm 2025, EU yuav siv cov khoom ntim rov ua dua tshiab. Tam sim no, kuv lub teb chaws txhua xyoo kev siv cov yas raw khoom ntau tshaj 100 lab tons, thiab nws yuav tsum ncav cuag ntau tshaj 150 lab tons hauv 2030. Kev kwv yees kwv yees hais tias kuv lub teb chaws cov khoom ntim yas xa tawm mus rau EU yuav ncav cuag 2.6 lab tons hauv 2030, thiab yuav tsum tau them se ntawm 2.07 billion euros. Raws li EU txoj cai ntim cov yas ntim se txuas ntxiv mus, kev lag luam yas hauv tsev yuav ntsib cov teeb meem. Catalyzed los ntawm lub ntim se, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab rau cov khoom yas kom ntseeg tau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm peb lub teb chaws cov lag luam.
Nyob rau theem kev, tam sim no kev tshawb fawb txog kev loj hlob ntsuab ntawm plastics nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws tsim tsuas yog tsom rau kev yooj yim-recycling tsim ntawm cov khoom yas thiab kev loj hlob ntawm chemical recycling technology. Txawm hais tias biodegradable technology yog thawj zaug pib los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab Asmeskas, qhov kev txaus siab tam sim no rau nws cov thev naus laus zis nce qib tsis siab.
Plastic recycling feem ntau suav nrog ob txoj kev siv: lub cev rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov ua dua tshiab. Lub cev rov tsim dua tshiab tam sim no yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm cov yas rov ua dua tshiab, tab sis txij li txhua qhov kev tsim dua tshiab yuav txo qhov zoo ntawm cov yas rov ua dua tshiab, kev tsim kho tshuab thiab lub cev muaj qee yam kev txwv. Rau cov khoom yas uas tsis zoo lossis tsis tuaj yeem rov tsim tau yooj yim, cov txheej txheem siv tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau siv tau, uas yog, cov khoom siv pov tseg tau raug kho raws li "cov roj crude" kom ua tiav kom ua tiav cov khoom siv rov qab siv cov pov tseg plastics thaum zam kev txo qis ntawm cov pa. cov khoom siv lub cev rov ua dua tshiab.
Ib qho yooj yim-rau-recycle tsim, raws li lub npe qhia, txhais tau hais tias cov khoom uas muaj feem xyuam nrog cov yas siv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab rau hauv kev txiav txim siab thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom thiab tsim cov txheej txheem, yog li ua kom cov yas rov ua dua tshiab. Piv txwv li, cov hnab ntim khoom uas tau tsim yav dhau los siv PE, PVC, thiab PP yog tsim los ntawm cov qib sib txawv ntawm metallocene polyethylene (mPE), uas pab txhawb kev rov ua dua tshiab.
Plastic recycling tus nqi hauv ntiaj teb thiab cov teb chaws loj hauv 2019
Xyoo 2020, kuv lub tebchaws tau siv ntau dua 100 lab tons ntawm cov yas, kwv yees li 55% ntawm cov khoom raug tso tseg, suav nrog cov khoom siv yas pov tseg thiab cov khoom siv ruaj khov. Xyoo 2019, kuv lub teb chaws cov yas rov ua dua tshiab yog 30% (saib daim duab 1), uas yog siab dua qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov teb chaws tsim kho tau tsim cov phiaj xwm rov ua dua tshiab, thiab lawv cov nqi rov ua dua tshiab yuav nce ntxiv rau yav tom ntej. Raws li lub zeem muag ntawm carbon neutrality, peb lub teb chaws tseem yuav ua kom cov yas rov ua dua tshiab.
kuv lub teb chaws cov khoom siv pov tseg plastics yog qhov tseem ceeb tib yam li cov khoom siv raw, nrog rau Tuam Tshoj East, South China, thiab North China yog cov tseem ceeb. Cov nqi rov ua dua sib txawv heev ntawm kev lag luam. Tshwj xeeb, tus nqi rov ua dua ntawm kev ntim khoom thiab cov yas niaj hnub los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom siv pov tseg loj tsuas yog 12% (saib daim duab 2), uas tawm hauv chav loj rau kev txhim kho. Cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab muaj ntau yam kev siv, tshwj tsis yog qee qhov xws li kev kho mob thiab kev ntim khoom noj, qhov twg cov khoom siv rov qab tuaj yeem ntxiv.
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, kuv lub teb chaws cov yas rov ua dua tshiab yuav nce ntxiv. Los ntawm 2030, kuv lub teb chaws cov yas rov ua dua tshiab yuav ncav cuag 45% txog 50%. Nws qhov kev txhawb siab feem ntau yog los ntawm plaub yam: ua ntej, qhov tsis txaus ib puag ncig nqa lub peev xwm thiab lub zeem muag ntawm kev tsim kom muaj peev txheej txuag tau kom tag nrho lub zej zog nce cov yas rov ua dua tshiab; thib ob, tus nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide tseem nce ntxiv, thiab txhua tuj ntawm cov yas rov ua dua tshiab yuav ua rau cov yas Lub neej tag nrho ntawm kev txo cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog 3.88 tons, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov yas rov ua dua tshiab tau nce zoo heev, thiab cov nqi rov ua dua tau zoo heev; thib peb, tag nrho cov tuam txhab khoom lag luam loj tau tshaj tawm txog kev siv cov yas rov ua dua tshiab lossis ntxiv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Kev thov rau cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab yuav nce ntxiv rau yav tom ntej, thiab kev rov ua dua tshiab yuav tshwm sim. Tus nqi ntawm cov yas yog inverted; thib plaub, carbon tariffs thiab ntim se nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe thiab lub tebchaws United States tseem yuav yuam kom kuv lub teb chaws yuav ua rau kom tus nqi ntawm cov yas recycling.
Cov yas rov ua dua tshiab muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau cov pa roj carbon nruab nrab. Raws li kev suav, nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub neej voj voog, qhov nruab nrab, txhua tuj ntawm cov yas rov ua dua lub cev yuav txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide emissions los ntawm 4.16 tons piv nrog cov yas uas tsis siv dua tshiab. Qhov nruab nrab, txhua tuj ntawm cov yas rov siv tshuaj yuav txo tau cov pa roj carbon dioxide emissions los ntawm 1.87 tons piv nrog cov yas uas tsis siv dua tshiab. Xyoo 2030, kuv lub teb chaws lub cev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov yas yuav txo qis carbon emissions los ntawm 120 lab tons, thiab kev siv lub cev + tshuaj rov ua dua tshiab (nrog rau kev kho cov khoom pov tseg pov tseg) yuav txo cov pa roj carbon emissions los ntawm 180 lab tons.
Txawm li cas los xij, kuv lub teb chaws kev lag luam yas rov ua dua tshiab tseem tab tom ntsib ntau yam teeb meem. Ua ntej, cov peev txheej ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg pov tseg tau tawg, cov duab ntawm cov khoom pov tseg yas sib txawv heev, thiab cov khoom siv muaj ntau yam, ua rau nws nyuaj thiab raug nqi siv cov khoom pov tseg hauv kuv lub tebchaws. Qhov thib ob, kev lag luam pov tseg yas rov ua dua tshiab muaj qhov pib qis thiab feem ntau yog kev cob qhia-style kev lag luam. Txoj kev sorting yog feem ntau phau ntawv sorting thiab tsis muaj automated zoo sorting tshuab thiab muaj khoom siv. Raws li xyoo 2020, muaj 26,000 lub tuam txhab rov ua dua tshiab hauv Suav teb, uas yog qhov me me, nthuav dav, thiab feem ntau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txiaj ntsig. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam tau ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm kuv lub teb chaws kev lag luam yas rov ua dua tshiab thiab kev nqis peev loj hauv kev tswj hwm cov peev txheej. Thib peb, kev lag luam fragmentation kuj tau ua rau muaj kev sib tw hnyav heev. Cov lag luam them nyiaj ntau dua rau cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab txiav cov nqi tsim khoom, tab sis saib tsis taus kev kho dua tshiab. Kev loj hlob tag nrho ntawm kev lag luam yog qeeb. Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv cov yas pov tseg yog ua cov yas rov ua dua tshiab. Tom qab kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab kev faib tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li crushing, melting, granulation, thiab kev hloov kho, cov yas khib nyiab tau tsim rau hauv cov khoom siv yas uas tuaj yeem siv tau. Vim yog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab thiab ntau yam impurities, cov khoom lag luam ruaj khov yog qhov tsis zoo. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ceev nrooj los ntxiv dag zog rau kev tshawb fawb thiab txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj rov qab tam sim no tsis tuaj yeem ua lag luam vim yog yam xws li tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov catalysts. Kev kawm txuas ntxiv mus rau cov txheej txheem nqi qis yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho.
Muaj ntau yam kev txwv ntawm kev tsim cov yas degradable
Degradable plastics, tseem hu ua ib puag ncig degradable plastics, xa mus rau ib hom yas uas thaum kawg tuaj yeem degraded rau hauv carbon dioxide, methane, dej thiab mineralized inorganic ntsev ntawm lawv cov ntsiab lus, nrog rau cov biomass tshiab, nyob rau hauv ntau yam xwm txheej. Txwv tsis pub los ntawm degradation tej yam kev mob, daim ntawv thov teb, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob, thiab lwm yam., cov degradable plastics tam sim no hais nyob rau hauv kev lag luam mas xa mus rau biodegradable plastics. Cov plastics tseem ceeb tam sim no degradable yog PBAT, PLA, thiab lwm yam. Biodegradable plastics feem ntau yuav tsum tau 90 mus rau 180 hnub kom degraded tag nrho nyob rau hauv industrial composting tej yam kev mob, thiab vim hais tias ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb, lawv feem ntau yuav tsum tau muab cais cais thiab recycled. Kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tsom mus rau cov khoom siv tau yooj yim tswj tau, cov yas uas degrade raws li lub sijhawm lossis cov xwm txheej.
Kev xa khoom xa tuaj, nqa tawm, cov hnab yas pov tseg, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab mulch yog cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm cov yas degradable yav tom ntej. Raws li kuv lub teb chaws "Kev xav txog Kev Txhim Kho Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Plastics Ntxiv", qhia kev xa tawm, nqa tawm, thiab cov hnab yas pov tseg yuav tsum siv cov yas biodegradable hauv xyoo 2025, thiab txhawb kev siv cov yas biodegradable hauv mulch films. Txawm li cas los xij, cov teb uas tau hais los saum toj no tau nce kev siv cov yas thiab cov khoom siv yas degradable, xws li siv cov ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis-woven los hloov cov ntim yas, thiab cov mulching films tau ntxiv dag zog rau kev rov ua dua tshiab. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi nkag ntawm biodegradable plastics yog zoo hauv qab 100%. Raws li kev kwv yees, los ntawm 2025, qhov kev thov rau cov yas degradable hauv cov teb saum toj no yuav yog kwv yees li 3 lab txog 4 lab tons.
Biodegradable plastics muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev cuam tshuam rau carbon neutrality. Cov pa roj carbon emissions ntawm PBST tsuas yog me ntsis qis dua li ntawm PP, nrog cov pa roj carbon emission ntawm 6.2 tons / tuj, uas yog siab dua li cov pa roj carbon emissions ntawm cov khoom siv yas rov ua dua tshiab. PLA yog bio-based degradable yas. Txawm hais tias nws cov pa roj carbon emissions tsawg, nws tsis yog xoom carbon emissions, thiab cov khoom siv bio-based siv ntau lub zog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cog, fermentation, sib cais thiab purification.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-06-2024