Raws li cov neeg siv khoom tshiab tshaj tawm cov neeg siv khoom xyaw plastics 2023-2033 tau txais txiaj ntsig rau 2022 thiab yuav tsum tau loj hlob ntawm tus nqi ntawm 9.4% thaum lub sij hawm Lub sijhawm kwv yees ntawm 2023-2033. Kev loj hlob ntawm ib qho kev loj hlob txhua xyoo.
Tam sim no, lub sijhawm ntawm kev lag luam qis-carbon ncig tau pib, thiab kev siv cov yas rov ua dua tshiab tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv cov yas qis qis. Cov yas, raws li cov khoom siv hauv lub neej niaj hnub, ua rau tib neeg lub neej yooj yim, tab sis lawv kuj coj ntau yam tsis zoo, xws li kev ua haujlwm hauv av, dej paug thiab hluav taws kub, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau ib puag ncig uas tib neeg nyob. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev lag luam yas rov ua dua tshiab tsis yog tsuas yog daws qhov teeb meem ntawm ib puag ncig cov pa phem, tab sis kuj txuag lub zog noj, pab kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub zog, thiab pab ua kom tiav cov pa roj carbon ntau thiab cov hom phiaj ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide.
01
Nws tsis pom zoo kom ua paug ib puag ncig
Yuav ua li cas "recycle" pov tseg yas?
Thaum cov yas ua kom yooj yim rau cov neeg siv khoom, lawv kuj ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau ib puag ncig thiab dej hiav txwv.
McKinsey kwv yees tias thoob ntiaj teb cov pov tseg yas yuav ncav cuag 460 lab tons los ntawm 2030, tag nrho 200 lab tons ntau tshaj li xyoo 2016. Nws yog qhov ceev nrooj nrhiav kev daws teeb meem pov tseg yas.
Recycled plastics hais txog cov khoom siv yas uas tau txais los ntawm kev ua cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm kev siv lub cev los yog tshuaj xws li pretreatment, yaj granulation, thiab kev hloov kho. Tom qab cov khoom pov tseg yas nkag mus rau hauv cov kab ntau lawm, nws dhau los ua cov txheej txheem xws li ntxuav thiab descaling, high-temperature sterilization, sorting, thiab crushing los ua cov khoom siv raw; cov flakes nyoos ces mus los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li ntxuav (sib cais impurities, purifying), yaug, thiab ziab kom ua regenerated huv flakes; Thaum kawg, raws li qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov ntawv thov sib txawv, ntau yam khoom siv yas rov ua dua tshiab yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv granulation, uas tau muag rau ntau lub lag luam hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws thiab siv hauv polyester filament, ntim plastics, khoom siv hauv tsev, automotive plastics thiab lwm teb.
Qhov txiaj ntsig loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab yog tias lawv pheej yig dua li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab cov yas degradable, thiab raws li qhov kev xav tau sib txawv, tsuas yog qee yam khoom ntawm cov yas tuaj yeem ua tiav thiab cov khoom sib xws tuaj yeem tsim tau. Thaum cov voj voog tsis ntau dhau, cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab tuaj yeem tswj cov khoom zoo sib xws rau cov khoom siv niaj hnub, lossis lawv tuaj yeem tswj cov khoom ruaj khov los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab nrog cov khoom tshiab.
02 Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov yas rov ua dua tshiab tau dhau los ua ib qho kev sib txawv
Tom qab "Cov Kev Xav Txog Kev Txhim Kho Ntxiv Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Plastic Pollution" tau tshaj tawm hauv Suav teb thaum Lub Ib Hlis xyoo tas los, kev lag luam plastics degradable tau nce sai, thiab cov nqi ntawm PBAT thiab PLA tau nce siab. Tam sim no, lub peev xwm tsim tawm ntawm PBAT hauv tsev tau tshaj 12 lab tons. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov haujlwm no yog Qhov ntawd yog kev lag luam hauv tsev thiab European.
Txawm li cas los xij, SUP yas txwv txiav tawm los ntawm European Union thaum ntxov Lub Xya Hli xyoo no kom meej meej txwv tsis pub siv cov yas aerobically degradable los tsim cov khoom yas pov tseg. Hloov chaw, nws tau hais txog kev txhim kho cov yas rov ua dua tshiab thiab tau thov kom siv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab rau cov haujlwm xws li polyester fwj. Qhov no yog undoubtedly ib qho kev cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm kev nthuav dav sai ntawm cov khoom lag luam plastics.
Qhov xwm txheej, kev txwv cov yas hauv Philadelphia, Tebchaws Meskas, thiab Fabkis kuj txwv qee yam ntawm cov yas degradable thiab hais txog kev rov ua dua cov yas. Cov teb chaws tsim kho hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas tau them nyiaj ntau dua rau kev siv cov yas rov ua dua tshiab, uas tsim nyog peb xav txog.
Kev hloov pauv hauv EU tus cwj pwm ntawm cov yas degradable yog thawj zaug vim kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov yas degradable lawv tus kheej, thiab qhov thib ob, cov yas degradable tsis tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov pa phem.
Biodegradable plastics tuaj yeem decompose nyob rau hauv qee yam kev mob, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv cov khoom siv tshuab tsis muaj zog dua li cov khoom siv niaj hnub thiab lawv tsis muaj peev xwm hauv ntau qhov chaw. Lawv tsuas yog siv tau los tsim qee cov khoom siv pov tseg nrog kev ua haujlwm qis.
Ntxiv mus, tam sim no cov yas degradable tsis tuaj yeem degraded ib txwm muaj thiab yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev ua kom zoo. Yog tias cov khoom yas degradable tsis rov siv dua, qhov kev puas tsuaj rau xwm yuav tsis txawv ntau ntawm cov yas zoo tib yam.
Yog li peb ntseeg hais tias qhov kev nthuav dav tshaj plaws ntawm daim ntawv thov rau cov yas degradable yog yuav tsum tau rov ua dua tshiab rau hauv kev lag luam composting ua ke nrog cov khib nyiab ntub dej.
Nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm recyclable pov tseg plastics, ua cov pov tseg plastics rau hauv recycled plastics los ntawm lub cev los yog tshuaj txoj kev muaj ntau dua qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev ruaj ntseg. Regenerated plastics tsis tsuas yog txo cov kev siv cov pob txha, tab sis kuj txo cov pa roj carbon emissions thaum nws ua. Tsawg dua li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv raw, nws muaj qhov txiaj ntsig ntsuab ntsuab.
Yog li ntawd, peb ntseeg tias Tebchaws Europe txoj cai hloov pauv ntawm cov yas degradable mus rau cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv.
Los ntawm kev xav hauv kev lag luam, cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab muaj qhov chaw dav dua li cov yas degradable. Biodegradable plastics raug txwv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus thiab tsuas yog siv tau rau cov khoom siv pov tseg nrog cov kev xav tau tsawg, thaum cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov yas yas hauv feem ntau.
Piv txwv li, tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus heev recycled polyester staple fiber, recycled PS los ntawm Inko Recycling, recycled polyester flakes muab los ntawm Sanlian Hongpu rau txawv teb chaws EPC cov kev pab cuam, recycled nylon EPC rau Taihua Tshiab Cov ntaub ntawv, raws li zoo raws li polyethylene thiab ABS muaj twb recycled cov ntaub ntawv. , thiab tag nrho cov nplai ntawm cov teb no muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau pua lab tons.
03 Txoj cai tswjfwm kev txhim kho
Recycled plastics kev lag luam muaj cov qauv tshiab
Txawm hais tias kev lag luam hauv tsev tau tsom mus rau cov yas degradable nyob rau theem pib, theem txoj cai tau tawm tswv yim kom rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov siv dua.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, txhawm rau txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam yas rov ua dua tshiab, peb lub teb chaws tau ua tiav ntau txoj cai, xws li "Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom Txog Kev Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Npaj Ua Haujlwm rau Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Plastics thaum lub sij hawm 14th Tsib Xyoo Plan" muab los ntawm National. Kev txhim kho thiab hloov kho Commission thiab Ministry of Ecology thiab Ib puag ncig hauv 2021 txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau rov ua dua cov pov tseg yas, txhawb kev tsim kho cov khoom pov tseg yas rov ua dua tshiab, tshaj tawm cov npe ntawm cov chaw lag luam uas tswj hwm kev siv tag nrho cov khoom pov tseg yas, coj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb rau pawg hauv cov peev txheej rov ua dua tshiab, cov peev txheej kev lag luam siv dav dav thiab lwm qhov chaw ua si, thiab txhawb nqa cov nplai ntawm cov khoom pov tseg yas rov ua dua tshiab Standardize, huv si thiab txhim kho. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 2022, "Technical Specifications for Waste Plastic Pollution Control" tau tso tawm, uas tau tso tawm cov kev cai tshiab rau cov qauv kev lag luam pov tseg hauv tsev thiab txuas ntxiv ua qauv kev lag luam.
Kev rov ua dua thiab rov siv cov khoom pov tseg plastics yog txheej txheem nyuaj. Nrog kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis, cov khoom lag luam thiab cov qauv kev lag luam hloov kho, kuv lub teb chaws cov khoom siv pov tseg yas rov siv dua tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom zoo, ntau yam, thiab cov cuab yeej siv siab.
Tam sim no, cov yas rov siv dua tau siv rau hauv textiles, tsheb, ntim khoom noj thiab dej haus, hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam lag luam. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov loj-scale recycling pauv pauv chaw thiab chaw ua hauj lwm tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, feem ntau yog faib nyob rau hauv Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning thiab lwm qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, kuv lub teb chaws cov kev lag luam pov tseg yas rov ua dua tshiab tseem yog cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab, thiab technically lawv tseem tsom mus rau kev siv lub cev. Tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev pov tseg ib puag ncig zoo thiab cov phiaj xwm rov ua dua tshiab thiab cov xwm txheej ua tiav rau cov khoom pov tseg qis qis xws li cov khib nyiab pov tseg.
Nrog rau kev qhia txog "kev txwv txiav cov yas", "kev faib cov khib nyiab" thiab "carbon neutrality" cov cai, kuv lub teb chaws kev lag luam siv plastics tau coj mus rau txoj hauv kev loj hlob zoo.
Recycled plastics yog kev lag luam ntsuab txhawb thiab tawm tswv yim los ntawm lub teb chaws txoj cai. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev hauv kev txo qis thiab kev siv cov khoom siv pov tseg ntau ntawm cov khoom siv yas pov tseg. Xyoo 2020, qee thaj tsam hauv kuv lub tebchaws tau pib siv txoj cai txwv kev faib cov khib nyiab nruj. Xyoo 2021, Tuam Tshoj tau txwv tag nrho cov khoom siv pov tseg. Xyoo 2021, qee thaj tsam hauv lub tebchaws tau pib ua raws li "kev txiav npluav yas". Ntau thiab ntau lub tuam txhab ua raws li "kev txwv txiav yas". Raws li kev cuam tshuam, peb pib pom ntau yam txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Vim nws tus nqi qis, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig zoo, thiab kev txhawb nqa txoj cai, cov khoom siv yas rov ua dua tshiab los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov kawg yog ua rau nws qhov tsis txaus thiab txhim kho sai. Piv txwv li, kev siv cov pov tseg kev faib tawm muaj qhov tseem ceeb zoo rau kev txhawb nqa kev tsim kho cov khoom siv pov tseg hauv tsev pov tseg cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, thiab txhawb kev tsim thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv hauv tsev yas kaw-lub voj voog.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus naj npawb ntawm cov lag luam sau npe cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab hauv Suav teb tau nce 59.4% hauv 2021.
Txij li thaum Tuam Tshoj txwv tsis pub ntshuam ntawm cov yas pov tseg, nws tau cuam tshuam rau lub ntiaj teb cov khoom siv ua lag luam plastics. Ntau lub teb chaws tsim kho yuav tsum nrhiav "kev tawm" tshiab rau lawv cov khib nyiab ntau ntxiv. Txawm hais tias lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khib nyiab no ib txwm yog lwm lub tebchaws tawm tshiab, xws li Is Nrias teb, Pakistan lossis Southeast Asia, cov nqi thauj khoom thiab kev tsim khoom yog ntau dua li cov nyob hauv Suav teb.
Recycled plastics thiab granulated plastics muaj kev cia siab dav, cov khoom lag luam (plastic granules) muaj kev lag luam dav, thiab qhov kev thov los ntawm cov tuam txhab yas kuj tseem loj. Piv txwv li, ib lub tuam txhab ua liaj ua teb loj nruab nrab xav tau ntau tshaj 1,000 tons ntawm polyethylene pellets txhua xyoo, lub Hoobkas khau nruab nrab xav tau ntau tshaj 2,000 tons ntawm polyvinyl chloride pellets txhua xyoo, thiab cov lag luam me me kuj xav tau ntau tshaj 500 tons ntawm pellets. txhua xyoo. Yog li ntawd, muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv cov yas pellets thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov tuam txhab yas. Hauv xyoo 2021, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tuam txhab sau npe cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab hauv Suav teb yog 42,082, nce xyoo ib xyoos ntawm 59.4%.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov chaw kub tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg yas rov ua dua tshiab, "txoj kev rov ua dua tshiab tshuaj lom neeg", tab tom dhau los ua ib txoj hauv kev tshiab los tswj cov khoom siv pov tseg pov tseg thaum muab cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Tam sim no, lub ntiaj teb cov tuam txhab petrochemical loj tshaj plaws tau sim cov dej thiab tso tawm kev lag luam. Lub koom haum Sinopec Group tseem tab tom tsim kev lag luam sib koom ua ke los txhawb thiab teeb tsa cov txheej txheem pov tseg cov tshuaj siv tshuaj rov ua dua tshiab. Nws cia siab tias nyob rau hauv tsib xyoos tom ntej no, cov dej khib nyiab pov tseg cov tshuaj chemical recycling tej yaam num, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub forefront ntawm kev nqis peev, yuav tsim ib tug tshiab kev lag luam nrog ib tug industrial scale ntawm pua pua billions, thiab yuav ua si lub luag hauj lwm zoo nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa cov pa phem ntawm yas, Kev siv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab txo qis emission.
Nrog rau yav tom ntej scale, intensification, channel tsim thiab technological innovation, gradual parkization, industrialization thiab loj-scale kev tsim kho ntawm lub recycled yas kev lag luam yog lub ntsiab txoj kev loj hlob tiam sis.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-02-2024